Publications

2025

1. Greenland ice sheet wide supraglacial lake evolution and dynamics: Insights from the 2018 and 2019 melt seasons

   Devon Dunmire, Aneesh C Subramanian, Emam Hossain, Md Osman Gani, Alison F Banwell, Hammad Younas, and Brendan Myers

   Earth and Space Science, 2025
2. Causal Discovery on the Effect of Antipsychotic Drugs on Delirium Patients in the ICU using Large Observational EHR Dataset

   Riddhiman Adib, Md Osman Gani, Sheikh Iqbal Ahamed, and Mohammad Adibuzzaman

   Accepted at the IEEE Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC), Jul 2025

   arXiv preprint arXiv:2205.01057
3. CKH: Causal Knowledge Hierarchy for Estimating Structural Causal Models from Data and Priors

   Riddhiman Adib, Md Mobasshir Arshed Naved, Chih-Hao Fang, Md Osman Gani, Ananth Grama, Paul Griffin, Uzma Hasan, Sheikh Iqbal Ahamed, and Mohammad Adibuzzaman

   Accepted at the IEEE Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC), Jul 2025

   arXiv preprint arXiv:2204.13775
4. TimeGraph: Synthetic Benchmark Datasets for Robust Time-Series Causal Discovery

   Muhammad Hasan Ferdous, Emam Hossain, and Md Osman Gani

   Accepted at the ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD); preprint arXiv:2506.01361, Jul 2025
5. Correlation to Causation: A Causal Deep Learning Framework for Arctic Sea Ice Prediction

   Emam Hossain, Muhammad Hasan Ferdous, Jianwu Wang, Aneesh Subramanian, and Md Osman Gani

   In Causal AI for Robust Decision Making Workshop, 2025 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications, Mar 2025

   Abs

   Traditional machine learning and deep learning techniques rely on correlation-based learning, often failing to distinguish spurious associations from true causal relationships, which limits robustness, interpretability, and generalizability. To address these challenges, we propose a causality-driven deep learning framework that integrates Multivariate Granger Causality (MVGC) and PCMCI+ causal discovery algorithms with a hybrid deep learning architecture. Using 43 years (1979–2021) of daily and monthly Arctic Sea Ice Extent (SIE) and ocean-atmospheric datasets, our approach identifies causally significant factors, prioritizes features with direct influence, reduces feature overhead, and improves computational efficiency. Experiments demonstrate that integrating causal features enhances the deep learning model’s predictive accuracy and interpretability across multiple lead times. Beyond SIE prediction, the proposed framework offers a scalable solution for dynamic, high-dimensional systems, advancing both theoretical understanding and practical applications in predictive modeling.

6. Leveraging Causal AI for Robust Treatment Policy Formulation: An Ensemble Causal Tree Approach with Expert Insights in Critical Care Decision-Making

   Uzma Hasan, Md Osman Gani, Mohammad Adibuzzaman, and Shravan Kethireddy

   In Causal AI for Robust Decision Making Workshop, 2025 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications, Mar 2025
7. A Knowledge-guided Framework to Enhance Causal Reasoning and Human-AI Collaboration

   Uzma Hasan, and Md Osman Gani

   In Causal AI for Robust Decision Making Workshop, 2025 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications, Mar 2025

   Abs

   Traditional Artificial Intelligence (AI) models often rely on correlations, leading to inaccurate conclusions and less effective recommendations. In contrast, Causal AI leverages data to uncover cause-and-effect relationships represented using a causal graph, enabling more reliable decision-making in complex systems. But observational data alone is often insufficient to uncover the underlying causal relations accurately, making the search for causal graphs computationally challenging due to an exponentially growing search space. Prior causal knowledge, such as expert-verified causal edges, can effectively guide the discovery process by restricting the search space to more accurate possibilities. Many fields, like healthcare, offer abundant prior knowledge through expert feedback, published research, and historical data. In this study, we introduce a Knowledge-Guided Causal AI System (KGS), which is a practical framework that incorporates domain-specific priors as structural constraints alongside observational data to improve causal graph discovery. KGS reduces the computational burden and enhances reliability by leveraging prior knowledge, optimizing the search process, and ensuring discovered edges align with established causal knowledge. Extensive evaluations on synthetic and benchmark datasets as well as on a real-world healthcare problem related to oxygen therapy treatment for ICU patients demonstrate its ability to improve discovery accuracy and efficiency. By reducing search complexity and enhancing trustworthiness, KGS can advance robust AI-driven decisions across critical domains like healthcare, autonomous systems, education, and finance. The resulting causal graphs can provide reliable and precise insights essential for decision-making, policy development, and enhancing human-AI collaboration across various domains.

8. LLM-based Corroborating and Refuting Evidence Retrieval for Scientific Claim Verification

   Siyuan Wang, James R Foulds, Md Osman Gani, and Shimei Pan

   Accepted at the Thirty-Ninth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-25); arXiv preprint arXiv:2503.07937, Mar 2025
9. Learning What Matters: Causal Time Series Modeling for Arctic Sea Ice Prediction

   Emam Hossain, and Md Osman Gani

   Accepted, AI for Time Series Analysis Workshop, the 34th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-25), Mar 2025

2024

1. The fate of Greenland Ice Sheet supraglacial lakes in a warm and cool year

   Aneesh Subramanian, Devon Dunmire, Emam Hossein, Md Osman Gani, Alison Banwell, and Brendan Myers

   Mar 2024
2. Incorporating Causality with Deep Learning in Predicting Short-Term and Seasonal Sea Ice

   Emam Hossain, Sahara Ali, Yiyi Huang, Nicole-Jeanne Schlegel, Jianwu Wang, Aneesh C Subramanian, and Md Osman Gani

   In 104th AMS Annual Meeting, Mar 2024
3. Time series classification of supraglacial lakes evolution over greenland ice sheet

   Emam Hossain, Md Osman Gani, Devon Dunmire, Aneesh C Subramanian, and Hammad Younas

   In 2024 International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications (ICMLA), Mar 2024
4. Causality for Earth Science–A Review on Time-series and Spatiotemporal Causality Methods

   Sahara Ali, Uzma Hasan, Xingyan Li, Omar Faruque, Akila Sampath, Yiyi Huang, Md Osman Gani, and Jianwu Wang

   Under review, Artificial Intelligence for Earth Systems, Mar 2024

   arXiv preprint arXiv:2404.05746
5. Estimating Causal Effects of Greenland Blocking on Arctic Sea Ice Melt using Deep Learning Technique

   Sahara Ali, Omar Faruque, Yiyi Huang, Md Osman Gani, Aneesh Subramanian, Nicole Schlegel, Jianwu Wang, and Josephine Namayanja

   Mar 2024
6. FedAccess: Federated Learning-Based Built Surface Recognition for Wheelchair Routing

   Rochishnu Banerjee, Ethan Han, Longze Li, Haoxiang Yu, Md Osman Gani, Vaskar Raychoudhury, and Roger O Smith

   In 2024 IEEE 48th Annual Computers, Software, and Applications Conference (COMPSAC), Mar 2024

2023

1. Structural causal model with expert augmented knowledge to estimate the effect of oxygen therapy on mortality in the ICU

   Md Osman Gani, Shravan Kethireddy, Riddhiman Adib, Uzma Hasan, Paul Griffin, and Mohammad Adibuzzaman

   Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Mar 2023
2. CDANs: Temporal Causal Discovery from Autocorrelated and Non-Stationary Time Series Data

   Muhammad Hasan Ferdous, Uzma Hasan, and Md Osman Gani

   arXiv preprint arXiv:2302.03246, Mar 2023
3. RFC-Net: Learning High Resolution Global Features for Medical Image Segmentation on a Computational Budget

   Sourajit Saha, Shaswati Saha, Md Osman Gani, Tim Oates, and David Chapman

   arXiv preprint arXiv:2302.06134, Mar 2023
4. MyPath: Accessible Route Generation Using Crowd-Sensed Surface Information

   Thomas Nguyen, Md Fourkanul Islam, Rochishnu Banerjee, Hanna M Noyce, Emily M Olejniczak, Roger O Smith, Md Osman Gani, and Vaskar Raychoudhury

   In International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Systems: Computing, Networking, and Services, Mar 2023
5. eCDANs: Efficient Temporal Causal Discovery from Autocorrelated and Non-stationary Data (Student Abstract)

   Muhammad Hasan Ferdous, Uzma Hasan, and Md Osman Gani

   arXiv preprint arXiv:2303.02833, Mar 2023
6. Quantifying causes of arctic amplification via deep learning based time-series causal inference

   Sahara Ali, Omar Faruque, Yiyi Huang, Md Osman Gani, Aneesh Subramanian, Nicole-Jeanne Schlegel, and Jianwu Wang

   In 2023 International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications (ICMLA), Mar 2023
7. A Survey on Causal Discovery Methods for I.I.D. and Time Series Data

   Uzma Hasan, Emam Hossain, and Md Osman Gani

   Transactions on Machine Learning Research, Sep 2023

   \urlhttps://openreview.net/forum?id=YdMrdhGx9y

2022

1. Automated Surface Classification System using Vibration Patterns-A Case Study with Wheelchairs

   Haoxiang Yu, Vaskar Raychoudhury, Snehanshu Saha, Janick Edinger, Roger O Smith, and Md Osman Gani

   IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence, Sep 2022
2. Surface Recognition from Wheelchair-induced Noisy Vibration Data: A Tale of Many Cities

   Rochishnu Banerjee, Md Fourkanul Islam, Shaswati Saha, Vaskar Raychoudhury, and Md Osman Gani

   In 2022 18th International Conference on Mobility, Sensing and Networking (MSN), Sep 2022
3. KCRL: A Prior Knowledge Based Causal Discovery Framework With Reinforcement Learning

   Uzma Hasan, and Md Osman Gani

   Proceedings of Machine Learning Research, Sep 2022
4. Mypath: Accessible routing for wheelchair users

   Shaswati Saha, Lauren Selingo, Emily Olejniczak, Hanna Noyce, Vaskar Raychoudhury, Roger O Smith, and Md Osman Gani

   Rehabilitation Engineering and Assistive Technology Society of North America (RESNA), Sep 2022

2021

1. A Transfer Learning Approach to Surface Detection for Accessible Routing for Wheelchair Users

   Valeria Mokrenko, Haoxiang Yu, Vaskar Raychoudhury, Janick Edinger, Roger O Smith, and Md Osman Gani

   In 2021 IEEE 45th Annual Computers, Software, and Applications Conference (COMPSAC), Sep 2021

2020

1. STRUCTURAL CAUSAL MODEL WITH EXPERT AUGMENTED KNOWLEDGE TO ESTIMATE THE EFFECT OF OXYGEN THERAPY

   Marvi Bikak, Shravan Kethireddy, Md Osman Gani, and Mohammad Adibuzzaman

   In CHEST, Sep 2020
2. A Dynamic Taxi Ride Sharing System Using Particle Swarm Optimization

   Shrawani Silwal, Vaskar Raychoudhury, Snehanshu Saha, and Md Osman Gani

   In IEEE 17th International Conference on Mobile Ad Hoc and Sensor Systems (MASS), Sep 2020

2019

1. A light weight smartphone based human activity recognition system with high accuracy

   Md Osman Gani, Taskina Fayezeen, Richard J Povinelli, Roger O Smith, Muhammad Arif, Ahmed J Kattan, and Sheikh Iqbal Ahamed

   Journal of Network and Computer Applications, Sep 2019
2. A survey of taxi ride sharing system architectures

   Shrawani Silwal, Md Osman Gani, and Vaskar Raychoudhury

   In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Smart Computing (SMARTCOMP), Sep 2019
3. Yours truly? Survey on accessibility of our personal data in the connected world

   Manh Nguyen, Md Osman Gani, and Vaskar Raychoudhury

   In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops (PerCom Workshops), Sep 2019
4. Smart surface classification for accessible routing through built environment: A crowd-sourced approach

   Md Osman Gani, Vaskar Raychoudhury, Janick Edinger, Valeria Mokrenko, Zheng Cao, and Ce Zhang

   In Proceedings of the 6th ACM International Conference on Systems for Energy-Efficient Buildings, Cities, and Transportation, Sep 2019
5. Miamimapper: Crowd analysis using active and passive indoor localization through wi-fi probe monitoring

   Nicholas Jarvis, John Hata, Nicholas Wayne, Vaskar Raychoudhury, and Md Osman Gani

   In Proceedings of the 15th ACM International Symposium on QoS and Security for Wireless and Mobile Networks, Sep 2019
6. Personalized Pain Study Platform using Evidence-Based Continuous Learning Tool

   Amit Kumar Saha, GM Tanimul Ahsan, Md Osman Gani, and Sheikh Iqbal Ahamed

   In 2019 IEEE 43rd Annual Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC), Sep 2019
7. CARE: Campus-wide Accessible Route Estimation through Surface Analysis

   John Hata, Osman Gani, and Vaskar Raychoudhury

   In Proceedings of the 20th International Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications, Sep 2019
8. PerAwareCity’19-4th IEEE International Workshop on Pervasive Context-Aware Smart Cities and Intelligent Transport Systems-Welcome and Committees

   Mohammad Saiedur Rahaman, Md Osman Gani, and Divya Saxena

   In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops, PerCom Workshops 2019, Sep 2019

2017

1. A novel approach to complex human activity recognition

   Md Osman Gani

   Marquette University, Sep 2017
2. A novel framework to recognize complex human activity

   Md Osman Gani, Amit Kumar Saha, Golam Mushih Tanimul Ahsan, Sheikh Iqbal Ahamed, and Roger O Smith

   In 2017 IEEE 41st Annual Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC), Sep 2017
3. A novel real-time non-invasive hemoglobin level detection using video images from smartphone camera

   Golam MT Ahsan, Md O Gani, Md K Hasan, Sheikh I Ahamed, William Chu, Mohammad Adibuzzaman, and Joshua Field

   In 2017 IEEE 41st Annual Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC), Sep 2017

2016

1. Challenges in developing applications for aging populations

   Drew Marie Williams, Md Osman Gani, Ivor D Addo, AKM Jahangir Alam Majumder, Chandana P Tamma, Mong-Te Wang, Chih-Hung Chang, Sheikh Iqbal Ahamed, and Cheng-Chung Chu

   In Optimizing Assistive Technologies for Aging Populations, Sep 2016
2. Computationally Efficient Human Activity Modeling and Its Application as a Service in Android Application Framework

   Md Osman Gani, Taskina Fayezeen, Sheikh Iqbal Ahamed, and Richard J Povinelli

   Sep 2016
3. An approach to localization in crowded area

   Md Osman Gani, Golam Mushih Tanimul Ahsan, Duc Do, Williams Drew, Mohammed Balfas, Sheikha Iqbal Ahamed, Muhammad Arif, and Ahmed J Kattan

   In 2016 IEEE 18th International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services (Healthcom), Sep 2016
4. An approach to localization in crowded area

   Md Osman Gani, Golam Mushih Tanimul Ahsan, Duc Do, Williams Drew, Mohammed Balfas, Sheikha Iqbal Ahamed, Muhammad Arif, and Ahmed J Kattan

   In 2016 IEEE 18th International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services (Healthcom), Sep 2016

2015

1. Simple activity recognition using smartphone technologies for in-home rehabilitation

   Md Osman Gani, Taskina Fayezeen, Sheikh Iqbal Ahamed, Dennis B Tomashek, and Roger O Smith

   In RESNA Annual Conference. https://www. resna. org/sites/default/files/conference/2015/pdf_versions/other/151. pdf, Sep 2015

2014

1. Effect of a social script iPad application for children with autism going to imaging

   Norah Johnson, Octavia Bree, Erin E Lalley, Kelly Rettler, Pam Grande, Md O Gani, and Sheikh I Ahamed

   Journal of pediatric nursing, Sep 2014
2. Seeing Beyond Visibility: A Four Way Fusion of User Authentication for Efficient Usable Security on Mobile Devices

   Farzana Rahman, Md Osman Gani, Golam Mushih Tanimul Ahsan, and Sheikh Iqbal Ahamed

   In Software Security and Reliability-Companion (SERE-C), 2014 IEEE Eighth International Conference on, Sep 2014
3. Effect of an iPad application for medical imaging procedure preparation for children with autism spectrum disorder

   N Johnson, O Bree, E Lalley, K Rettler, P Grande, Md Gani, and S Ahamed

   Journal of Pediatric Nursing, Sep 2014

2013

1. RSSI based indoor localization for smartphone using fixed and mobile wireless node

   Md Osman Gani, Casey OBrien, Sheikh I Ahamed, and Roger O Smith

   In 2013 IEEE 37th Annual Computer Software and Applications Conference, Sep 2013

2011

1. Towards TTP-free lightweight solution for location privacy using location-based anonymity prediction

   Sheikh I Ahamed, Chowdhury S Hasan, Md M Haque, and Md O Gani

   In Proceedings of the 2011 ACM Symposium on Research in Applied Computation, Sep 2011
2. Recursive Implementation of Markov Model, A New Approach

   Md Gani, Sarah Isnain Binte Ashraf, Nafia Malik, Bushra Hossain, M Afzal Hossain, Hasan Sarwar, and  others

   In Advanced Information Networking and Applications (WAINA), 2011 IEEE Workshops of International Conference on, Sep 2011
3. Architecture & Implementation of Bangla Text to Braille Translation

   Samiul Azam, Imtiaz Ahamad Khan, Md Osman Gani, Mahbub Ul Islam, and Syed Akhter Hossain

   In International Conference on Computer Processing of Bangla, Sep 2011
4. Computational model for bangla text to braille translation

   Fakhruddin Muhammad Mahbub-ul-Islam, Ahamad Imtiaz Khan, Md Osman Gani, Samiul Azam, and Syed Akhter Hossain

   In 2nd International Conference on Computer Processing of Bangla, Sep 2011

2009

1. Prediction of State of Wireless Network Using Markov and Hidden Markov Model.

   MD Osman Gani, Hasan Sarwar, and Chowdhury Mofizur Rahman

   J. Networks, Sep 2009

2008

1. Prediction of the density of active wireless device using markov model

   MD Osman Gani, Iftekhar Jahan Mehedi, Mehnaz Seraj, Hasan Sarwar, and Chowdhury Mofizur Rahman

   In 2008 11th International Conference on Computer and Information Technology, Sep 2008